Selected Motions and Muscles of the Human Body (with selected origins and insertions) ANKLE Dorsiflexion - Tibialis Anterior o = lateral condyle of tibia i = cuneiform bone and first metatarsal - Extensor Hallucis Longus - Extensor Digitorum Longus - Peroneus Tertius Plantar Flexion - Gastrocnemius (two joint muscle) o = two heads - each on/above the two condyles of the femur i = posterior surface of calcaneus - Soleus o = superior / posterior surface of tibia i = posterior surface of calcaneus - Plantaris (two joint muscle) o = lateral ridge of femur (above lateral condyle) i = posterior surface of calcaneus - Flexor Hallucis Longus o = inferior/posterior shaft of fibula i = base of great toe - Flexor Digitorum Longus o = medial posterior portion of tibia i = bases of smaller phalanges - Peroneus Longus o = lateral side of fibula (upper third) i = medial cuneiform, base of first metatarsal - Peroneus Brevis o = lateral surface of fibula (lower third) i = lateral side of fifth metatarsal - Tibialis Posterior Inversion - Tibialis Anterior o = lateral condyle of tibia i = cuneiform bone and first metatarsal - Peroneus Tertius o = lower / anterior portion of fibula i = fifth metatarsal bone - Flexor Hallucis Longus o = inferior/posterior shaft of fibula i = base of great toe - Flexor Digitorum Longus o = medial posterior portion of tibia i = bases of smaller phalanges - Tibialis Posterior Eversion - Peroneus Longus o = lateral side of fibula (upper third) i = medial cuneiform, base of first metatarsal - Peroneus Brevis o = lateral surface of fibula (lower third) i = lateral side of fifth metatarsal - Peroneus Tertius o = superior / anterior portion of tibia i = dorsal surface of fifth metatarsal KNEE Flexion - Biceps Femoris o = ischial tuberosity, linea aspera i = lateral side of fibula and lateral condyle of tibia - Semitendinous o = ischial tuberosity i = medial surface of the tibia - Semimembranous o = ischial tuberosity i = posterior part of medial condyle - Gracilis o = ischial tuberosity i = medial surface of shaft of tibia - Gastrocnemius (two joint muscle) o = two heads - each on/above the two condyles of the femur i = posterior surface of calcaneus - Plantaris (two joint muscle) o = lateral ridge of femur (above lateral condyle) i = posterior surface of calcaneus - Popliteus o = lateral condyle of femur i = superior posterior surface of tibia Extension - Rectus Femoris (two joint muscle - two heads on superior portion) o = inferior iliac spine (end of ilium - below crest), ilium (above acetabulum) i = patella (through the patellar ligament) - Vastus Lateralis o = intertrochanter line, lateral side of linea aspera i = lateral margin of patella - Vastus Medialis o = intertrochanter line, medial side of linea aspera i = medial border of the patella - Vastus Intermedius o = anterior and lateral surfaces of femur, linea aspera i = deep part of quadriceps tendon to the patella Medial Rotation - Semitendinous o = ischial tuberosity i = medial surface of the tibia - Semimembranous o = ischial tuberosity i = posterior part of medial condyle - Sartorius o = anterior superior iliac spine i = upper part of medial surface of tibia - Gracilis o = ischial tuberosity i = medial surface of shaft of tibia - Popliteus o = lateral condyle of femur i = superior posterior surface of tibia HIP Flexion - Psoas Major o = bodies/bases of transverse processes of all lumbar and last thoracic vertebra i = lesser trochanter - Iliacus o = upper two thirds of iliac fossa (inside below iliac crest) i = onto the tendon of the psoas major (continues to lesser trochanter) - Rectus Femoris o = inferior iliac spine (end of ilium - below crest), ilium (above acetabulum) i = patella (through the patellar ligament) - Sartorius o = anterior superior iliac spine i = upper part of medial surface of tibia - Tensor Fasciae Latae o = anterior portion of iliac crest i = iliotibial tract on upper part of thigh - Pectineus o = superior ramus of pubis i = lesser trochanter to linea aspera Extension - Gluteus Maximus o = medial portion of hip i = fascia lata, femur - Biceps Femoris o = ischial tuberosity, linea aspera i = lateral side of fibula and lateral condyle of tibia - Semitendinous o = ischial tuberosity i = medial surface of the tibia - Semimembranous o = ischial tuberosity i = posterior part of medial condyle Abduction - Gluteus Medius o = ilium to iliac crest i = lateral surface of greater trochanter - Gluteus Minimus o = outer (and inferior) surface of ilium i = anterior surface of greater trochanter - Sartorius o = anterior superior iliac spine i = upper part of medial surface of tibia - Piriformis o = internal surface of sacrum i = upper border of greater trochanter Adduction - Adductor Longus o = anterior body of pubis i = medial portion of linea aspera - Adductor Magnus o = ischial tuberosity i = linea aspera - Adductor Brevis o = inferior ramus of pubis i = superior linea aspera - Gracilis o = ischial tuberosity i = medial surface of shaft of tibia - Pectineus o = superior ramus of pubis i = lesser trochanter to linea aspera Lateral Rotation - Gluteus Maximus o = medial portion of hip i = fascia lata, femur - Quadratus Femoris o = ischial tuberosity i = between greater and lesser trochanter - Sartorius o = anterior superior iliac spine i = upper part of medial surface of tibia - Piriformis o = internal surface of sacrum i = upper border of greater trochanter - Obturator (Externus & Internus) o = anterior and posterior portion of ilium and pubis, respectively i = medial portion of greater trochanter (common tendon with superior and inferior gemelli) - Gemellus (Superior & Inferior) o = posterior ischium i = medial portion of greater trochanter (common tendon with obturator internus) Medial Rotation - Gluteus Medius o = ilium to iliac crest i = lateral surface of greater trochanter - Gluteus Minimus o = outer (and inferior) surface of ilium i = anterior surface of greater trochanter - Tensor Fasciae Latae o = anterior portion of iliac crest i = iliotibial tract on upper part of thigh - Pectineus o = superior ramus of pubis i = lesser trochanter to linea aspera TRUNK Flexion - Rectus Abdominis o = crest of pubis, pubic symphysis i = cartilage of fifth, six, and seventh ribs, xiphoid process - Pyramidalis Extension - Erector Spinae Muscles - Spinalis's (Thoracis & Cervicis) - Longisssimus's (Thoracis, Cervicis) - Iliocostals (Lumborum, Thoracis, & Cervicis) - Semispinalis's (Thoracis & Cervicis) - Multifidus - Rotatores - Interspinales Lateral Flexion - Quadratus Lumborum o = iliac crest i = twelfth rib, transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae - Transverse Abdominis o = inguinal ligament, iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia, lower six ribs i = abdominal aponeurosis to linea alba - External Obliques o = lower eight ribs i = iliac crest, linea alba - Internal Obliques o = Inguinal ligament, iliac crest i = cartilage of lower three to four ribs, linea alba - Iliocostalis (Lumborum, Thoracis, & Cervicis) - Longissimus's (Thoracis, Cervicis) - Intertransversarii (Posteriores, Laterales, & Mediales) - Levatores Costarum Rotation - External Obliques o = lower eight ribs i = iliac crest, linea alba - Internal Obliques o = Inguinal ligament, iliac crest i = cartilage of lower three to four ribs, linea alba - Iliocostalis (Lumborum & Thoracis) - Longissimus (Thoracis) - Rotatores Breathing Muscles (raising/increasing or lowering/decreasing the ribs/volume) - Intercostales Externi (up) - Intercostales Interni (down) - Subcostales (down) - Transversus Thoracis (down) - Levatores Costarum (up) - Serratus Posterior Superior (up) - Serratus Posterior Inferior (down) - Diaphragm (draws central tendon down) - Pectoralis Minor o = external surface of third, fourth, and fifth ribs i = coracoid process of scapula SCAPULA Protraction (abduction) - Pectoralis Minor o = external surface of third, fourth, and fifth ribs i = coracoid process of scapula - Subclavius o = first costal cartilage i = lower surface of clavicle - Serratus Anterior o = outer surfaces and superior borders of first eight or nine ribs i = anterior surface of the medial border of the scapula Retraction (adduction) - Trapezius (medial) o = medial third of superior nuchal line, external occipital protuberance, ligamentum nuchae, spinous processes of seventh cervical and all thoracic vertebra i = lateral third of clavicle, spina and acromium process of scapula - Rhomboideus Major o = spines of second to fifth thoracic vertebra i = medial border of scapula (below spine) - Rhomboideus Minor o = spines of seventh cervical and first thoracic vertebra i = medial border of scapula (at the root of the spine) - Levator Scapulae o = transverse processes of first four cervical vertebrae i = medial border of scapula at and above the spine Elevation - Trapezius (upper) o = medial third of superior nuchal line, external occipital protuberance, ligamentum nuchae, spinous processes of seventh cervical and all thoracic vertebra i = lateral third of clavicle, spina and acromium process of scapula - Levator Scapulae o = transverse processes of first four cervical vertebrae i = medial border of scapula at and above the spine - Rhomboideus Major o = spines of second to fifth thoracic vertebra i = medial border of scapula (below spine) - Rhomboideus Minor o = spines of seventh cervical and first thoracic vertebra i = medial border of scapula (at the root of the spine) Depression - Trapezius (lower) o = medial third of superior nuchal line, external occipital protuberance, ligamentum nuchae, spinous processes of seventh cervical and all thoracic vertebra i = lateral third of clavicle, spina and acromium process of scapula Upward Rotation - Trapezius o = medial third of superior nuchal line, external occipital protuberance, ligamentum nuchae, spinous processes of seventh cervical and all thoracic vertebra i = lateral third of clavicle, spina and acromium process of scapula - Serratus Anterior o = outer surfaces and superior borders of first eight or nine ribs i = anterior surface of the medial border of the scapula Downward Rotation - Levator Scapulae o = transverse processes of first four cervical vertebrae i = medial border of scapula at and above the spine - Rhomboideus Major o = spines of second to fifth thoracic vertebra i = medial border of scapula (below spine) - Rhomboideus Minor o = spines of seventh cervical and first thoracic vertebra i = medial border of scapula (at the root of the spine) SHOULDER Adduction - Pectoralis Major o = medial half of clavicle, sternum, first six costal cartilages i = bicipital groove, crest below greater tubercle - Latissimus Dorsi o = spinous process of thoracic, lumbar & sacral vertebrae, iliac crest, lower ribs i = bicipital groove of humerus - Coracobrachialis o = coracoid process i = anterior middle third of humerus - Infraspinatus (inferior part) o = infraspinous fossa of scapula (posterior scapula below spine) i = greater tuberosity of humerus - Subscapularis o = subscapular fossa on anterior side of scapula i = lesser tuberosity of humerus - Teres Major o = lower lateral border of the scapula i = medial lip o the bicipital groove of humerus - Triceps Brachii (two joint muscle) o = Long Head - below the glenoid fossa on the scapula Lateral Head - superior posterior shaft of humerus Medial Head - inferior posterior shaft of humerus i = olecranon process of ulna Abduction - Deltoid (medial) o = lateral border of the acromium process i = deltoid tuberosity on the lateral and medial shaft of the humerus - Supraspinatus o = supraspinous fossa of scapula (posterior scapula above spine) i = greater tuberosity of humerus - Infraspinatus (superior part) o = infraspinous fossa of scapula (posterior scapula below spine) i = greater tuberosity of humerus - Subscapularis o = subscapular fossa on anterior side of scapula i = lesser tuberosity of humerus Flexion - Pectoralis Major o = medial half of clavicle, sternum, first six costal cartilages i = bicipital groove, crest below greater tubercle - Deltoid (anterior) o = anterior border and superior surface of lateral third of clavicle i = deltoid tuberosity on the lateral and medial shaft of the humerus - Coracobrachialis o = coracoid process i = anterior middle third of humerus - Biceps Brachii (two joint muscle) o = supraglenoid tubercle, coracoid process i = tuberosity of radius, deep fascia of medial part of forearm - Subscapularis o = subscapular fossa on anterior side of scapula i = lesser tuberosity of humerus Extension - Deltoid (posterior) o = lower border of the crest of the spine of the scapula i = deltoid tuberosity on the lateral and medial shaft of the humerus - Latissimus Dorsi o = spinous process of thoracic, lumbar & sacral vertebrae, iliac crest, lower ribs i = bicipital groove of humerus - Subscapularis o = subscapular fossa on anterior side of scapula i = lesser tuberosity of humerus - Teres Major o = lower lateral border of the scapula i = medial lip o the bicipital groove of humerus Medial Rotation - Pectoralis Major o = medial half of clavicle, sternum, first six costal cartilages i = bicipital groove, crest below greater tubercle - Latissimus Dorsi o = spinous process of thoracic, lumbar & sacral vertebrae, iliac crest, lower ribs i = bicipital groove of humerus - Deltoid (anterior) o = anterior border and superior surface of lateral third of clavicle i = deltoid tuberosity on the lateral and medial shaft of the humerus - Subscapularis o = subscapular fossa on anterior side of scapula i = lesser tuberosity of humerus - Teres Major o = lower lateral border of the scapula i = medial lip o the bicipital groove of humerus Lateral Rotation - Deltoid (posterior) o = lower border of the crest of the spine of the scapula i = deltoid tuberosity on the lateral and medial shaft of the humerus - Supraspinatus o = supraspinous fossa of scapula (posterior scapula above spine) i = greater tuberosity of humerus - Infraspinatus o = infraspinous fossa of scapula (posterior scapula below spine) i = greater tuberosity of humerus ELBOW Flexion - Biceps Brachii (two joint muscle) o = supraglenoid tubercle, coracoid process i = tuberosity of radius, deep fascia of medial part of forearm - Brachialis o = anterior lower half of humerus i = coronoid process and tuberosity of ulna - Brachioradialis o = anterior distal portion of humerus i = styloid process and lateral surface of radius Extension - Triceps Brachii (two joint muscle) o = Long Head - below the glenoid fossa on the scapula Lateral Head - superior posterior shaft of humerus Medial Head - inferior posterior shaft of humerus i = olecranon process of ulna - Anconeus RADIAL-ULNAR JOINT Pronation - Pronator Teres o = medial epicondyle of humerus, coronoid process of ulna i = middle lateral surface of radius - Pronator Quadratus o = anterior distal shaft of ulna i = anterior distal shaft of radius Supination - Supinator o = lateral epicondyle of humerus, annular ligament, radial collateral ligament i = dorsal and lateral surfaces of upper third of radius WRIST Flexion - Flexor Carpi Radialis - Palmaris Longus - Flexor Carpi Ulnaris - Flexor Digitorum Superficialis - Flexor Digitorum Profundus - Flexor Pollicis Longus Extension - Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus - Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis - Extensor Digitorum Communis - Extensor Digiti Minimi - Extensor Carpi Ulnaris - Extensor Indicis Abduction (Radial Flexion/Deviation) - Flexor Carpi Radialis - Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus - Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis - Abductor Pollicis Longus - Extensor Pollicis Brevis - Extensor Pollicis Longus Adduction (Ulnar Flexion/Deviation) - Flexor Carpi Ulnaris - Extensor Carpi Ulnaris NECK Flexion - Sternocleidomastoideus o = manubrium of sternum, medial part of clavicle i = mastoid process of temporal bone, occipital bone Extension - Splenius Capitis o = spinous processes of seventh cervical and first to third thoracic vertebra i = mastoid process of temporal bone - Splenius Cervicis o = spinous processes of third to sixth thoracic vertebrae i = transverse processes of upper two or three cervical vertebrae - Semispinalis (Capitis) - Longissimus Capitis Lateral Flexion - Sternocleidomastoideus o = manubrium of sternum, medial part of clavicle i = mastoid process of temporal bone, occipital bone Rotation - Sternocleidomastoideus o = manubrium of sternum, medial part of clavicle i = mastoid process of temporal bone, occipital bone - Splenius Capitis o = spinous processes of seventh cervical and first to third thoracic vertebra i = mastoid process of temporal bone - Splenius Cervicis o = spinous processes of third to sixth thoracic vertebrae i = transverse processes of upper two or three cervical vertebrae - Semispinalis Capitis - Longissimus Capitis Platysma o = subcutaneous fascia of upper quarter of chest i = mandible a = bonus points if you can tell FACE (Actions Only) Epicranius Wrinkles Forehead Temporoparietalis Wiggles Ears Orbicularis Oculi Opens Eyes Orbicularis Oris Opens Mouth Zygomaticus Major Makes a Smile Buccinator Puckers Cheek Temporalis Closes Lower Jaw Masseter Closes Lower Jaw