LSPE 409 - Biomechanics Department of Education & Leisure Studies Christopher Newport University Midterm II - Spring 1995 Name: True or False: (1 point each - EXTRA CREDIT) 1. All muscles are potential torque producers. 2. It is easier to pull a high friction load rather than push it. 3. Isometric contractions are dynamic contractions. 4. Variable resistance devices use cams and levers to adjust the workload throughout the ROM. Multiple Choice: (2 points each - EXAM QUESTIONS) 5. The strength of the shoulder joint is: a. weak by bony arrangement, and average by ligamentous and muscular arrangements b. average by bony, ligamentous and muscular arrangements c. strong by bony, and average by ligamentous and muscular arrangements d. average bony, ligamentous and muscular arrangements 6. The elbow is: a. strong by bony and muscular arrangements and weak by ligamentous arrangement b. strong by bony, muscular, and ligamentous arrangements c. average by bony, ligamentous and muscular arrangements d. weak by bony, ligamentous and strong by muscular arrangements 7. The hip is: a. weak by bony, ligamentous and muscular arrangements b. strong by bony, ligamentous and muscular arrangements c. strong by bony and ligamentous arrangements and weak by muscular arrangements d. weak by bony arrangement and strong by ligamentous and muscular arrangements 8. The knee is: a. weak by bony, ligamentous and muscular arrangements b. strong by bony, ligamentous and muscular arrangements c. strong by bony and ligamentous arrangements and weak by muscular arrangements d. weak by bony arrangement and average by ligamentous and muscular arrangements 9. The vertebral column is: a. weak by bony, ligamentous and muscular arrangements b. weak by bony arrangement and strong by ligamentous and muscular arrangements c. strong by bony and ligamentous arrangements and weak by muscular arrangements d. strong by bony arrangement and weak by ligamentous and muscular arrangements 10.Pronation of the foot is: a. adduction of the foot and dorsiflexion of the ankle b. abduction of the foot, dorsiflexion of the ankle and eversion of the subtalar joints c. abduction of the foot, dorsiflexion of the ankle and inversion of the subtalar joints d. abduction of the foot, plantar flexion of the ankle and eversion of the subtalar joints e. eversion of the subtalar joint 11. Most striking activities use predominantly what movement of the shoulder girdle? a. upward rotation c. retraction b. protraction d. elevation 12. Reaching forward is associated with what movement of the shoulder girdle? a. upward rotation c. protraction b. downward rotation d. retraction 13. The ligament of the knee that prevents forward displacement is the: a. lateral collateral ligament c. medial collateral ligament b. anterior cruixate ligament d. posterior cruixate ligament 14. Muscles that pass posterior to the medial malleolus will: a. plantar flex the ankle and invert the subtalar joints b. plantar flex the ankle and evert the subtalar joints c. dorsiflex the ankle and invert the subtalar joints d. dorsiflex the ankle and evert the subtalar joints 15. The muscles that are implicated as those that "take over" for the abdominals in straight leg sit ups are: a. the hip extensors c. the iliopsoas b. the low back muscles d. the hip adductor 16. A example of a concentric contraction could be: a) the action of the biceps brachii in lowering oneself to the floor form a horizontal bar b) pushing against an immovable object c) the action of the biceps brachii in pulling oneself up in a chin-up d) the action of the triceps at the elbow in a pull-up 17. For the best permanence of stretch, the tissues should be: a. relaxed c. both a & b b. cold d. warm 18. To pull a load backward and maintain good stability, your base of support should be: a. wide laterally as you pull c. feet close together side by side b. narrow anterio-posteriorly as you pull d. feet spread anterio-posteriorly as you pull 19. The centripetal force required for a cyclist to turn a corner is applied by: a. the road c. the pedals b. the tire d. gravity 20. What is the magnitude of your acceleration if it takes you 2 seconds to increase your velocity to 20 feet/second from a standing start? a. 40 feet/second c. 10 feet/second b. 20 feet/second d. 10 feet/second2 21. What is the type of acceleration you are experiencing when you pedal a bicycle at a constant speed around a flat circular track? a. centripetal c. forward b. centrifugal d. backward 22. What is the magnitude and direction of the net force acting on a 50-pound suitcase being lifted with a 60-pound force? a. 10 pounds upward c. 300 pounds upward b. 110 pounds upward d. 10 pounds downward 23. The linear momentum of a given mass can be increased by increasing its: a. volume c. elastic qualities b. distance moved d. velocity 24. Which factor in kinetic energy is more influential in a body's ability to do work? a. volume c. velocity b. momentum d. mass 25. A general series of anatomical movements that have a common element of spatial orientation is called a a) style c) skill b) technique d) movement pattern 26. Limitations placed on a performer of a sport which result in restricted movement patterns are called a) constraints c) rules b) boundaries d) opponents 27. A skill that is performed in an environment that is changing is called a(n) a) open skill c) discrete skill b) closed skill d) continuous skill 28. What type of skill requires the identification of a specific defined beginning and ending? a) open c) discrete b) continuous d) closed 29. What type of skill has preparation, execution and recovery phases? a) continuous c) open b) discrete d) closed 30. The visible aspects of a movement that the coach identifies during the performance of a skill are classified as the a) biomechanical principles c) mechanical purpose b) biomechanical factors d) critical features Short Answer: (1 point each) 31. Training for strength increases should include a relatively number of repetitions with a relatively amount of resistance. 32. MVC stands for . 33. RM stands for . 34. What advantage does an isokinetic device give a user who is trying to increase muscular strength? 35. For your body to be in equilibrium, your line of gravity must pass through your 36. How does raising your center of gravity (CG) affect your stability against being tipped over? 37. In the first column, list from proximal to distal the major moveable upper extremity articulations. In the next two columns, list the bones that go together to make those articulations. In the fourth column, name the type of articulation. (20 points) 38. Using the lower extremity, complete the table using the same information as was requested in the prior table. (16 points)